Stock Scorer

ZKH Group Limited (ZKH)

Every figure this model derived for ZKH, the value it took, and the element in the company's own XBRL it was read from — so any of it can be checked against the filing rather than taken on trust. As at 2025-12-31.

The figures, and where each came from

This is the part no other screener shows. Each figure below names the XBRL element it was read from, so it can be checked against the filing itself.

FigureValueXBRL tagAs at
capex 53,043,000 PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment 2025-12-31
cash 1,855,862,000 CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 2025-12-31
current assets 6,138,199,000 AssetsCurrent 2025-12-31
current liabilities 3,425,790,000 LiabilitiesCurrent 2025-12-31
equity 2,941,333,000 StockholdersEquity 2025-12-31
interest expense 11,350,000 InterestExpenseNonoperating 2025-12-31
ocf 8,789,000 NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities 2025-12-31
revenue 8,987,738,000 RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax 2025-12-31
sbc 53,817,000 ShareBasedCompensation 2025-12-31

The ratios

The figures themselves rather than their scores — what somebody looking up ZKH on one particular measure came for.

RatioValue
cash operating margin-1.24
current ratio1.81
current ratio reported1.79
deferred revenue growth-1.02
dilution pct-0.88
fcf margin-0.49
growth cv0.73
interest cover-18.8
operating margin-2.37
owner earnings margin-1.09
revenue growth2.58
revenue growth per share3.49
roic-12.3
rule of 400.21
sbc pct revenue0.6

Everything else this filing tags

228 more elements from ZKH's own XBRL that this model has no measure for, newest reading each, largest first. Nothing here is converted, added up or renamed — it is the filing's own element names and the filing's own numbers.

ElementNewestAs of PeriodsUnit
CommonStockSharesAuthorized500,000,000,0002025-12-31 8shares
AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock8,370,941,0002025-12-31 5CNY
StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities7,570,417,0002023-12-31 3CNY
CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold7,512,076,0002025-12-31 9CNY
Assets6,529,849,0002025-12-31 6CNY
LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity6,529,849,0002025-12-31 6CNY
WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding5,686,064,4022025-12-31 9shares
WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic5,686,064,4022025-12-31 9shares
CommonStockSharesIssued5,682,357,7142025-12-31 6shares
CommonStockSharesOutstanding5,563,528,4362025-12-31 6shares
RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit-5,317,131,0002025-12-31 6CNY
TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding4,138,640,1132022-12-31 5shares
Liabilities3,588,516,0002025-12-31 6CNY
AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent3,417,085,0002025-12-31 6CNY
AccountsReceivableNetCurrent3,257,162,0002025-12-31 6CNY
StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest2,941,333,0002025-12-31 12CNY
AccountsPayableCurrent2,718,941,0002025-12-31 6CNY
OperatingLossCarryforwards2,192,414,0002025-12-31 3CNY
ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt1,384,218,0002022-12-31 2CNY
AmountOfRestrictedNetAssetsForConsolidatedAndUnconsolidatedSubsidiaries1,200,367,0002025-12-31 3CNY
CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents1,092,444,0002025-12-31 12CNY
SupplierFinanceProgramObligationIncrease869,250,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ShortTermInvestments825,289,0002025-12-31 5CNY
SupplierFinanceProgramObligationDecreaseSettlement772,045,0002025-12-31 6CNY
InventoryNet669,825,0002025-12-31 6CNY
RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt660,790,0002025-12-31 9CNY
TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment660,070,0002023-12-31 6CNY
DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance624,594,0002025-12-31 12CNY
ProceedsFromShortTermDebt589,790,0002025-12-31 9CNY
SellingAndMarketingExpense585,039,0002025-12-31 9CNY
DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards578,747,0002025-12-31 9CNY
GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense576,269,0002025-12-31 9CNY
PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments488,288,0002025-12-31 9CNY
SupplierFinanceProgramObligationCurrent439,852,0002025-12-31 9CNY
CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect-424,438,0002025-12-31 9CNY
PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross410,326,0002025-12-31 6CNY
AssetsNoncurrent391,650,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering385,768,0002023-12-31 3CNY
EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation358,433,0002025-12-31 9CNY
NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities-324,473,0002025-12-31 9CNY
DebtLongtermAndShorttermCombinedAmount284,956,0002025-12-31 4CNY
ReclassificationsOfTemporaryToPermanentEquity272,426,0002023-12-31 3CNY
ShortTermBorrowings240,000,0002025-12-31 6CNY
AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment224,141,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfShorttermInvestments213,828,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OperatingIncomeLoss-213,337,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable199,326,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber189,550,7582025-12-31 12shares
PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet186,185,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax-181,794,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest-181,794,0002025-12-31 9CNY
PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent180,188,0002025-12-31 6CNY
EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent176,909,0002025-12-31 6CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable165,545,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense165,518,0002025-12-31 9CNY
LiabilitiesNoncurrent162,726,0002025-12-31 6CNY
AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent159,923,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset152,787,0002025-12-31 6CNY
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue151,406,0002025-12-31 3CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber147,862,7252025-12-31 6shares
OperatingLeaseLiability142,096,0002025-12-31 6CNY
NetIncomeLoss-139,742,0002025-12-31 9CNY
NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic-139,742,0002025-12-31 9CNY
NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted-139,742,0002025-12-31 9CNY
NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToNonredeemableNoncontrollingInterest-139,742,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ProfitLoss-139,742,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest-139,053,0002025-12-31 9CNY
LeaseCost129,845,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInNotesReceivableCurrent-120,922,0002025-12-31 9CNY
NotesAndLoansReceivableNetCurrent113,291,0002025-12-31 6CNY
NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities-104,469,0002025-12-31 9CNY
DebtInstrumentFaceAmount100,000,0002023-08-31 1CNY
RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability98,251,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent91,894,0002025-12-31 6CNY
IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic-89,650,0002025-12-31 9CNY
TreasuryStockCommonValue81,759,0002025-12-31 3CNY
OperatingLeasePayments81,015,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OperatingLeaseCost79,540,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OtherLiabilitiesCurrent78,500,0002025-12-31 6CNY
DepositsAssetsCurrent77,479,0002025-12-31 4CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInInventories75,708,0002025-12-31 9CNY
InterestExpenseDebt73,081,0002022-12-31 2CNY
GovernmentAssistanceAmount71,503,0002023-12-31 3CNY
FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross65,840,0002025-12-31 6CNY
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive62,737,0002024-12-31 2CNY
RestrictedCashCurrent61,871,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod59,953,1102025-12-31 1shares
EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions55,782,0002024-12-31 4CNY
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths54,398,0002025-12-31 3CNY
AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue53,817,0002025-12-31 9CNY
AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense53,817,0002025-12-31 9CNY
SegmentExpenditureAdditionToLongLivedAssets53,708,0002025-12-31 6CNY
PrepaidExpenseCurrent53,030,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ShortTermLeaseCost50,305,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent50,202,0002025-12-31 6CNY
InvestmentIncomeNet50,088,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber49,815,3602025-12-31 1shares
IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign-49,403,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability-48,379,0002025-12-31 9CNY
DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization48,356,0002025-12-31 9CNY
StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues46,122,0002024-12-31 5CNY
LongTermDebt44,956,0002025-12-31 2CNY
FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization43,969,0002025-12-31 6CNY
LongTermDebtNoncurrent42,651,0002025-12-31 3CNY
OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax-42,052,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber41,688,0332025-12-31 6shares
Depreciation41,478,0002025-12-31 9CNY
PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock41,001,0002025-12-31 3CNY
TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod41,001,0002025-12-31 3CNY
AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax-37,288,0002025-12-31 6CNY
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo37,129,0002025-12-31 3CNY
OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense35,546,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate-34,763,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts32,868,0002025-12-31 9CNY
AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease32,571,0002025-12-31 6CNY
InventoryWriteDown31,365,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance31,231,0002024-12-31 8CNY
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree30,838,0002025-12-31 3CNY
Goodwill30,807,0002025-12-31 6CNY
AdvertisingExpense28,584,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent28,181,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent27,152,0002025-12-31 6CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities26,616,0002025-12-31 9CNY
OtherAssetsCurrent25,898,0002025-12-31 6CNY
LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFive25,360,0002025-12-31 2CNY
ValueAddedTaxReceivableCurrent23,781,0002025-12-31 4CNY
StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised23,404,9202025-12-31 6shares
FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet21,871,0002025-12-31 6CNY
AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent21,487,0002025-12-31 6CNY
GovernmentAssistanceNonoperatingIncome21,279,0002025-12-31 6CNY
InvestmentIncomeNonoperating20,017,0002025-12-31 9CNY
UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestments20,017,0002025-12-31 9CNY
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour19,393,0002025-12-31 3CNY
InterestExpense19,343,0002023-12-31 3CNY
AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs18,915,0002025-12-31 6CNY
ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax16,405,0002025-12-31 9CNY
DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount14,500,0002023-08-31 1USD
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod13,893,2702025-12-31 9shares
IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost13,454,0002025-12-31 1CNY
StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised11,820,0002025-12-31 3CNY
PaymentsForProceedsFromPreviousAcquisition10,239,0002021-12-31 1CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod10,137,7502025-12-31 1shares
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive9,648,0002025-12-31 3CNY
LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount9,310,0002025-12-31 3CNY
GainLossOnForeignCurrencyFairValueHedgeDerivatives-8,736,0002025-12-31 5CNY
DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent8,624,0002025-12-31 1CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets8,179,0002025-12-31 9CNY
SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue17,659,0002025-12-31 6USD
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue7,413,0002025-12-31 6USD
NotesPayableCurrent7,291,0002024-12-31 5CNY
ProceedsFromPaymentsForOtherFinancingActivities-7,140,0002024-12-31 4CNY
AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets7,037,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross6,635,5082024-12-31 8shares
CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid6,583,0002025-12-31 2CNY
FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths6,403,0002025-12-31 3CNY
OtherNonoperatingExpense5,948,0002024-12-31 6CNY
IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential5,179,0002024-12-31 8CNY
ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt5,072,0002025-12-31 3CNY
LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive4,611,0002025-12-31 2CNY
LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour4,611,0002025-12-31 2CNY
LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree4,611,0002025-12-31 2CNY
FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo4,484,0002025-12-31 3CNY
EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations-4,285,0002025-12-31 9CNY
MinorityInterest4,238,0002022-12-31 1CNY
InterestPaidNet3,812,0002025-12-31 9CNY
FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree3,742,0002025-12-31 3CNY
ProceedsFromSaleOfProductiveAssets3,695,0002025-12-31 9CNY
LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo3,458,0002025-12-31 2CNY
FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour2,979,0002025-12-31 3CNY
IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther2,743,0002025-12-31 1CNY
MinorityInterestDecreaseFromRedemptions2,480,0002023-12-31 3CNY
PaymentsToMinorityShareholders2,474,0002024-12-31 8CNY
ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised2,460,0002025-12-31 3CNY
LongTermDebtCurrent2,305,0002025-12-31 3CNY
LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths2,305,0002025-12-31 2CNY
IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate1,069,0002025-12-31 3CNY
CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit689,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit689,0002025-12-31 9CNY
PaymentsToAcquireIntangibleAssets665,0002025-12-31 9CNY
GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment629,0002025-12-31 9CNY
IncomeTaxesPaidNet569,0002025-12-31 9CNY
AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRecoveries479,0002025-12-31 5CNY
NetIncomeLossAttributableToNonredeemableNoncontrollingInterest-393,0002023-12-31 6CNY
IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability-281,0002025-12-31 9CNY
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue-246,0002025-12-31 6USD
NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest-193,0002023-12-31 6CNY
CommonStockValue4,0002025-12-31 6CNY
SharePrice12021-12-31 1CNY/shares
NumberOfReportableSegments12025-12-31 3segment
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice12021-12-31 1CNY/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue02024-12-31 8USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum02023-12-31 5pure
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum02023-12-31 5pure
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate02024-12-31 3pure
EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate02025-12-31 3pure
SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue02025-12-31 12USD/shares
SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue02025-12-31 9USD/shares
SharePrice02021-12-31 1USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice02021-12-31 1USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice02025-12-31 6USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice02025-12-31 9USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue02025-12-31 1USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue02025-12-31 1USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue02025-12-31 1USD/shares
EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost-02025-12-31 1pure
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice02025-12-31 12USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice02024-12-31 8USD/shares
PropertyPlantAndEquipmentSalvageValuePercentage02025-12-31 3pure
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice02025-12-31 6USD/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum02023-12-31 5pure
OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent02025-12-31 6pure
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum02023-12-31 5pure
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate02024-12-31 3pure
EarningsPerShareBasic-02025-12-31 9CNY/shares
EarningsPerShareDiluted-02025-12-31 9CNY/shares
EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther-02025-12-31 1pure
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice02025-12-31 3USD/shares
EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate-02025-12-31 1pure
EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations-02025-12-31 1pure
CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities02025-12-31 6CNY
CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare02025-12-31 8USD/shares
GoodwillImpairmentLoss02025-12-31 8CNY
ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived02025-12-31 9CNY
TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue02025-12-31 9CNY
TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent02025-12-31 9CNY
CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared02025-12-31 2CNY/shares
PreferredStockDividendsPerShareDeclared02025-12-31 2CNY/shares
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate02025-12-31 6pure

What to be careful about

What this model itself distrusts about ZKH's figures. Written by the derivation as it ran, not added afterwards.